Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
American Association for Thoracic Surgery
ARGI
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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ,Richard D. Weisel, MD ,,Professor of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital (TGH) (University Health Network), Toronto, ON, Canada,ASSOCIATE EDITORS , ,,,Adult ,Pavan Alturi, MD ,,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Vinay Badhwar, MD ,,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, ,Abelardo DeAnda, Jr, MD ,,University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA, ,John S. Ikonomidis, MD, PhD ,,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, ,Fancis D. Pagani, MD, PhD ,,University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Hartzell V. Schaff, MD ,,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, ,Y. Joseph Woo, MD ,,Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Congenital ,Scott M. Bradley, MD ,,Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestown, SC, USA, ,Christopher A. Caldarone, MD ,,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, ,Robert Douglas B. Jaquiss, MD ,,Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, ,James S. Tweddell, MD ,,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ,Ronald K. Woods, MD, PhD ,,Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Education ,James Il Fann, MD ,,Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Stephen C. Yang, MD ,,Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA, ,Ara A. Vaporciyan, MD ,,University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Thoracic ,Thomas A. D'Amico, MD ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, ,Robert B. Cameron, MD ,,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,David R. Jones, MD ,,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, ,Sudish Murphy, MD, PhD ,,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Gaetano Rocco, MD ,,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA,Perioperative ,Rakesh C. Arora, MD, PhD, FRCSC ,,University of Manitoba, College of Medicine/St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, ,Victor A. Ferraris, MD, PhD ,,University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA,Basic Science/Evolving Technology ,Frank W. Sellke, MD ,,Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Ethics ,Susan Moffatt-Bruce, MD, PhD ,,Royal College of Surgeons and Physicians of Canada, Ottawa, Canada,Statistics ,Eugene H. Blackstone, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA,ASSOCIATE STATISTICAL EDITORS , ,,,Adult ,Uberto Benedetto, MD, PhD ,,Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, ,Daniel J.P. Burns, MD, MPhil ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Stephen Fremes ,MD, MSc, BSc,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ,Robert Bruce Hawkins, MD, MSc ,,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ,Paul A. Kurlansky, MD ,,Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, ,J. Hunter Mehaffey, MD, MSc ,,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ,Charles M. Wojnarski, MD, MS ,,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Congenital ,Osman O. l-Radi, MBBCh, MSc, FRCSC ,,King Abdulaziz University, Jedah, Saudi Arabia, ,Tara K. Karamlou, MD ,,Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA, ,Travis J. Wilder, MD ,,University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, ,David Zurakowski MSc, PhD ,,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Thoracic ,Lisa M. Brown, MD, MAS ,,University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA, ,Farhood Farjah, MD, MPH, FACS ,,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, ,Biniam Kidane, MD, MSc ,,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, ,Varun Puri, MD, MSCI ,,Washington University in St.Louis, MO, USA, ,Elliot Wakeam, MD, MPH ,,University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,FEATURE EDITORS , ,,,Adult ,Leora B. Balsam, MD ,,UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA, ,Mario F.L. Gaudino, MD ,,Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, ,Leonard N. Girardi, MD ,,Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, ,Richard Lee, MD, MBA ,,Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA, ,Craig R. Smith, MD ,,Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Congenital ,Bahaaldin Alsoufi, MD ,,University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA, ,Carl L. Becker, MD ,,Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Igor E. Konstantinov, MD, PhD, FRACS ,,University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, ,Can Yerebakan, MD ,,Children's National Heart Institute, Washington, DC, USA,Thoracic ,Bryan M. Burt, MD ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Jules Lin, MD ,,University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Michael Lanuti, MD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Thomas Ng, MD ,,University of Tenessee Health Science Center, TN, USA,Perioperative ,Glenn Whitman, MD ,,Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA,Basic/Innovation ,Alden H. Harken, MD ,,University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, CA, USA,Education ,Nahush Mokadam, MD ,,Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Edward Verrier, MD ,,University of Washingon Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA,DEPUTY STATISTICAL EDITORS ,Andrew D. Althouse, PhD ,,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Federico Ambrogi, PhD ,,University of Milan, Milano, Italy, ,Adin-Christian Andrei, PhD ,,Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Emilia Bagiella ,PhD,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Fabio Barili, MD, PhD ,,S. Croce Hospital, Cuneo, Italy, ,Jocelyn Beach ,MD, MS,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Marnie Bertolet, PhD ,,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Vito Domenico Bruno, MD, PhD ,,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, ,William M. DeCampli ,MD, PhD,The Heart Center of Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA, ,Vaibhav Gupta, MD, PhD ,,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ,Adrian Hernandez-Diaz, MD, PhD ,,University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA, ,San D. Holmes, PhD ,,West Virginia University, Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA, ,Christoph P. Hornik, MD, MPH ,,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, ,Penny Houghtaling, MS ,,Cleveland Clinic, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Marlanne Huebner, PhD ,,Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, ,Craig Jarret, MD, MBA ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Anusha Jegatheeswaran, MD, PhD, FRCSC ,,Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, ,Kevin F. Kennedy, MS ,,Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA, ,Benjamin D. Kozower, MD MPH ,,Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louise, MO, USA, ,Lian Li, PhD ,,MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, ,Eric Lim, MD, MSc, FRCS ,,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK, ,Mauro Lo Rito, MD ,,IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy, ,Lingeng Lu, MD, PhD ,,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, ,Brian W. McCrindle ,MD, MPH,University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, ,Carlos M. Mery, MD, MPH ,,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, ,James Michael Mezo, MD, MSc ,,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, ,Helen Parise, ScD ,,Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Consultant, Las Vegas, NV, USA, ,Seo Young Park, PhD ,,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Mary Plomondon ,MSPH, PhD,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA, ,Jacquelyn Quinn, MD ,,VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA, ,Mohamed Rahouma, MD ,,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA, ,Jeevanantham Rajeswaran ,PhD,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Thomas J. Richards, PhD ,,University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvenia, PA, USA, ,Paul Sergeant, MD, PhD ,,Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium, ,Paul Visintainer, PhD ,,UMass Medical School Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA, ,Xiaofei Wang, PhD ,,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS ,Abbas Abbas, MD ,,Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, USA, ,Ibrahim Abdullah, MD ,,Banner Children's Cardon, Children's Medical Center, Mesa, AZ, USA, ,Iki Adachi, MD ,,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, ,Niv Ad, MD ,,West Virginia University, Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA, ,Usman Ahmad, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Gabriel S. Aldea, MD ,,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA, ,Hossein Almassi, MD ,,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA, ,Petros Anagnostopoulos, MD, MBA ,,University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA, ,Nicholas D. Andersen, MD ,,Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, ,Amedeo Anselmi, MD, PhD ,,Potchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France, ,Mara B. Antonoff, MD, FACS ,,University of Texas M D, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, ,Manuel J. Antunes, MD, PhD, DSc ,,University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal, ,Anelechi C. Anyanwu, MD, FRCS ,,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Sary F. Aranki, MD ,,Bringham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Tohru Asai, MD, PhD ,,Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan, ,John Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA ,,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Erle H. Austin III, MD ,,University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA, ,Frank A. Baciewicz, Jr., MD ,,Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital, Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA, ,Emile A. Bacha, MD ,,Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, ,Jean Bachet, MD, FEBTCS (retired) ,,Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France, ,Ko Bando, MD, PhD ,,Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, ,Jay Bhama, MD ,,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, ,Matthew J. Bott, MD ,,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, ,John Bozinovski, MD, MSc ,,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Stephen R. Broderick, MD, MPHS ,,John Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA, ,Alessandro Brunelli, MD ,,St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom, ,Roosevelt Bryant III, MD ,,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ,Harold M. Burkhart, MD ,,University of Oklahoma Health, Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, ,John Butterworth, MD ,,Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA, ,Duke E. Cameron, MD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Andrea Carpenter, MD, PhD ,,University of Texas Health Science, Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, ,Thierry-Piere Carrel, MD ,,University Hospital Berne , Berne, Switzerland, ,Sergio A. Carrillo, MD ,,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Robert J. Cerfolio, MD, MBA ,,New York University-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, ,Paul J. Chai, MD ,,Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital - NYP, New York, NY, USA, ,Mark A. Chaney, MD ,,University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Andrew C. Chang, MD ,,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Subhasis Chatterjee, MD, FACS, FACC, FCCP ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Paul Checchia, MD ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Haiquan Chen, MD, PhD ,,Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ,Jonathan M. Chen, MD ,,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Ke-Neng Chen, MD, PhD ,,Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China, ,Toyofumi F. Chen-Yoshikawa, MD, PhD ,,Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan , ,Joanna Chikwe, MD, FRCS ,,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Joseph Brian Clark, MD ,,Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA, ,Joseph S. Coselli, MD ,,Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA, ,Juan A. Crestanello, MD ,,The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Francois Dagenais, MD ,,Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Canada, ,Michael N. D'Ambra, MD ,,Bringham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Hiroshi Date, MD, PhD ,,Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, ,Tirone E. David, MD ,,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ,Ryan R. Davies, MD ,,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, ,Victor Dayan, MD, PhD, FACC ,,Centro Cardiovascular Universitario, Montevideo, Uruguay, ,Jonathan D'Cunha, MD, PhD ,,Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA, ,Joseph A. Dearani, MD ,,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, ,Todd Demmy, MD ,,University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, ,Chadrick Denlinger, MD ,,Medial University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, ,Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD ,,Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescar Chieti, Italy, ,Michele Di Mauro, MD, PhD ,,University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy, ,James A. DiNardo, MD ,,Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA, ,Yves d'Udekem, MD, PhD ,,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, ,Aaron Eckhauser, MD, MSCI ,,University of Utah/Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, ,Daniel T. Engelman, MD ,,Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA, ,Anthony L. Estrera, MD, FACS ,,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth and Memorial Hermann Heart &Vascular Institute, Houston, TX, USA, ,David Faraoni, MD, PhD, FAHA ,,The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Canada, ,Paul W.M. Fedak, MD, PhD ,,University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, ,Raja M. Flores, MD ,,Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York, NY, USA, ,Charles Fraser, MD, FACS ,,The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, ,Camille L. Hancock Friesen, MD ,,UT Southwestern, Children's Health, Dalas, TX, USA, ,Francesco Formica, MD ,,San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, ,J. William Gaynor, MD ,,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Arnar Geirsson, MD, FACS, FAHA ,,Yale Universiaty, New Haven, CT, USA, ,Donald D. Glower, Jr., MD ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, ,Kevin L. Greason, MD ,,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, ,Eugene A. Grossi, MD ,,New York University-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, ,Shawn Spencer Groth, MD, MS, FACS ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Marie Gruebe, MD, FASE ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Jonathan W. Haft, MD ,,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI , USA, ,Christoph Haller, MD ,,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, ,James Hammel, MD ,,Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, ,Waël C. Hanna, MDCM, MBA, FRCSC ,,McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada, ,Matthew Hartwig, MD, MHS, FACS ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, ,J.W. Hayanga, MD, MPH, FACS ,,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, ,George Leslie Hicks, Jr., MD ,,University of Rochester Medical, Center, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA, ,Chuong D. Hoang, MD ,,National Institutes of Health - National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA, ,Konrad Hoetzenecker, MD, PhD ,,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ,Michael Hsin, MD ,,Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, ,Charles Huddleston, MD ,,St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, ,Dawn S. Hui, MD ,,University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA, ,S. Adil Husain, MD ,,University of Utah Health/Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, ,Minoo N. Kavarana, MD, FACS ,,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, ,Joon Bum Kim, MD, PhD ,,Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea, ,Anthony W. Kim, MD ,,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,James K. Kirklin, MD ,,University of Alabama in Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, ,Jacob Klapper, MD ,,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, ,Nicholas Kouchoukos, MD ,,Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, ,Robert S. Kramer, MD, FACS ,,Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA, ,Irving L. Kron, MD ,,University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ, USA, ,S. Ram Kumar, MD, PhD, FACS ,,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California / Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Kevin P. Landolfo, MD, MSc ,,Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA, ,Damien J. LaPar, MD, MSc ,,Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, ,Jennifer S. Lawton, MD ,,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, ,Harold L. Lazar, MD ,,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, ,Richard Lazzaro, MD ,,Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA, ,Jerrold Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCM ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, ,Oliver J. Liakopoulos, MD ,,Heart Center University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, ,Andrew Lodge, MD ,,Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA, ,Natalie Lui, MD, MAS ,,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Katsuhide Maeda, MD, PhD ,,Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Richard D. Mainwaring, MD ,,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Rizwan A. Manji MD, PhD, FRCSC, MBA ,,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, ,M. Blair Marshall, MD ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Patrick M. McCarthy, MD ,,Northwestern University / Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA, ,P. Michael McFadden, MD ,,University of Sourthern California, Keck School of Medincine, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Ari A. Mennander, MD, PhD ,,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, ,Carlos A. Mestres, MD, PhD FETCS ,,University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ,Antonio Miceli, MD, PhD ,,Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milano, Italy, ,R. Scott Mitchell, MD ,,Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Brian Mitzman, MD ,,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, ,K. Annette Mizuguchi, MD, PhD, MMSc, FASE ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Siamak Mohammadi, MD, FRCSC ,,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Quebec City, Canada, ,Daniela Molena, MD ,,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA, ,Marc R. Moon, MD ,,Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, ,David L.S. Morales, MD ,,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ,Ralph S. Mosca, MD ,,New York University Langone Medical Center New York, NY USA, ,Katie S. Nason, MD, MPH ,,Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA, ,Tom C. Nguyen, MD, FACS, FACC ,,University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA, ,Shuab Omer, MD ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Mark W. Onaitis, MD, MS ,,University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, ,Davide Pacini, MD, PhD ,,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, ,Muralidhar Padala, PhD ,,Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, ,Gaetano Paone, MD, MHSA ,,Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, ,Subroto Paul, MD, MPH ,,RJWBarnabas Health, West Orange, NJ, USA, ,Ourania Preventza, MD, MBA, FACS ,,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, ,Juan Nicholas Pulido, MD ,,Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA, ,Siva Raja, MD, PhD, FACS ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Daniel Raymond, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Michael J. Reardon, MD ,,Houston Methodist DeBakey, Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA, ,T. Brett Reece, MD ,,University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA, ,Scott I. Reznik, MD ,,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, ,R. Taylor Ripley, MD ,,National Institutes of Health - National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA, ,Fraser D. Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC ,,University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Canada, ,Edward Y Sako, MD, PhD ,,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, ,Tomas A. Salerno, MD ,,University of Miami / Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA, ,Hans-Joachim Schäfers, MD ,,Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg / Saar, Germany, ,Jack Shanewise, MD, FASE ,,Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, ,Oz M. Shapira, MD ,,Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, ,Richard J. Shemin, MD ,,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Ming-Sing Si, MD ,,C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Smita Sihag, MD, MPH ,,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, ,Alan M. Speir, MD ,,Inova Health System Falls Church, VA, USA, ,Louis Stein, MD, PhD ,,Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA, ,James St. Louis, MD ,,Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City, MO, USA, ,Ibrahim Sultan, MD ,,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Rakesh M. Suri, MD, D.Phil ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH , USA, ,Lars G. Svensson, MD, PhD ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Hiroo Takayama, MD, PhD ,,Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA, ,Nicholas R. Teman, MD ,,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ,Vinod H. Thourani, MD ,,Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA, ,Tomasz A. Timek, MD ,,Spectrum Health Group, Grand Rapids, MI, ,Betty Caroline Tong, MD, MS, MHS ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, ,Joseph Turek, MD, PhD ,,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, ,Victor van Berkel, MD, PhD ,,University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA, ,Nirmal Veeramachaneni, MD ,,University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA, ,Jakob Vinten-Johansen, PhD ,,Emory University, Grayson, GA, USA, ,Song Wan, MD, FRCS, FACC ,,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, ,Benjamin Wei, MD ,,University of Alabama– Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, ,Aaron J. Weiss, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Benny Weksler, MBA, MD ,,Allegheny Health Network/ Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Grayson H. Wheatley III, MD, FACS, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI ,,Temple University School, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Bryan A. Whitson, MD, PhD ,,The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA, ,David Scott Winlaw, MBBS, MD, FRACS ,,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, ,Michael Yamashita, MDCM, MPH ,,St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, ,Chi-Fu Yang, MD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Sai Yendamuri, MBBS ,,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA, ,David D. Yuh, MD ,,Stamford Hospital , Stamford, CT, USA