JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ,Kalyanam Shivkumar, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,DEPUTY EDITOR ,Noel G. Boyle, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,GUEST EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ,William G. Stevenson, MD ,,Vanderbilt University Center, Nashville, TN, USA,EDITORS-IN-CHIEF , ,,,JACC ,Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, MACC ,,Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA,JACC: CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS ,David J. Moliterno, MD, FACC ,,University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,JACC: CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING ,Y. Chandrashekhar, MD, FACC ,,University of Minnesota/ VAMC, Minneapolis, MN, USA,JACC: HEART FAILURE ,Christopher M. O'Connor, MD, FACC ,,Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA, JACC: BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE ,Douglas L. Mann, MD, FACC ,,Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,JACC: CASE REPORTS ,Julia Grapsa, MD, PhD ,,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK,JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY ,Bonnie Ky, MD, MSCE ,,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,STATISTICAL EDITORS ,David Elashoff, PhD ,,UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Chi-Hong Tseng, PhD ,,UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,DIVISIONAL SENIOR DIRECTOR, PUBLISHING ,Justine Varieur Turco, MA ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,EXECUTIVE MANAGING EDITOR ,Monica R. Rayne-Emmerson, MS ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,MANAGING EDITOR ,Kimberly Trevey, BA ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,DIRECTOR, PRODUCT MANAGEMENT, DIGITAL PUBLISHING ,Nandhini Kuntipuram, MCA, PMP ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,WEB MANAGER, DIGITAL PUBLISHING ,Elizabeth Bradtke, BA ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,SOCIAL MEDIA COORDINATOR ,Tamika Edaire, BS ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,EDITORIAL ASSISTANT ,Jennifer Rapp, BA ,,American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA,ASSOCIATE EDITORS ,Colleen E. Clancy, PhD ,,University of California, Davi, Sacramento, CA, USA, ,Edward P. Gerstenfeld, MD ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, ,Jonathan M. Kalman, MBBS, PhD ,,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia, ,Christian Meyer, MD, PhD ,,University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany, ,Maully Shah, MD ,,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Usha B. Tedrow, MD, MSc ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, ,Marmar Vaseghi, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,DISTINGUISHED CONSULTING EDITORS ,Michiel J. Janse, MD, PhD ,,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, ,Francis E. Marchlinski, MD ,,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Melvin M. Scheinman, MD ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, ,Hein J.J. Wellens, MD ,,CARIM Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, ,Douglas P. Zipes, MD ,,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,EMERITUS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ,David J. Wilber, MD ,,Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,SENIOR EDITOR - REVIEWS ,David J. Callans, MD ,,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD ,,Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA,SECTION EDITORS ,Olujimi A. Ajijola, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Jeffrey L. Ardell, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Jason Bradfield, MD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Eric Buch, MD, MS ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Jeremy Moore, MD, MS ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA,EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS ,Zainul Abedin, MD,MS ,,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA, ,Fadi G. Akar, PhD ,,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, ,Olcay Aksoy, MD ,,UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Christine M. Albert, MD, MPH ,,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Sana M. Al-Khatib, MD, MHS ,,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, ,Anish Amin, MD ,,OhioHealth Heart and Vascular Physicians, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Jason G. Andrade, MD ,,Vancouver General Hospital/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, ,Elad Anter, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Rishi K. Arora, MD ,,Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Frank M. Bogun, MD ,,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Bastiaan J. Boukens, PhD ,,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, ,Sumeet S. Chugh, MD ,,Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Mina K. Chung, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Joshua M. Cooper, MD ,,Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Ruben Coronel, MD, PhD ,,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, ,Richard J. Czosek, MD ,,The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, ,Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD ,,Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA, ,James P. Daubert, MD ,,Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA, ,Gaetano M. De Ferrari, MD ,,University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, ,Natasja M.S. de Groot, MD, PhD ,,Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, ,Paolo Della Bella, MD ,,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy, ,David B. DeLurgio, MD ,,Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, ,Isabella Deschenes, PhD ,,The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, OH, USA, ,Luigi Di Biase, MD, PhD ,,Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA, ,Sanjay Dixit, MD ,,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,J. Kevin Donahue, MD ,,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA, ,Rahul N. Doshi, MD ,,HonorHealth Medical Group, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, ,Lee L. Eckhardt, MD ,,University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, ,Igor R. Efimov, PhD ,,The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA, ,Patrick T. Ellinor, MD, PhD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Sabine Ernst, MD ,,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK, ,Gregory K. Feld, MD ,,University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, ,Gregg C. Fonarow, MD ,,Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,T. David Gbadebo, MD, MS ,,East Atlanta Cardiology, Lithonia, GA, USA, ,Benedict M. Glover, MD ,,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ,Jeffrey J. Goldberger, MD ,,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA, ,Michael R. Gold, MD, PhD ,,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, ,Maria Cecilia Gonzalez Corcia, MD ,,Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK, ,David E. Haines, MD ,,Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA, ,Haris M. Haqqani, MBBS(Hons), PhD ,,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ,Neil Herring, BM, BCh, MA, DPhill ,,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, ,Mahmoud Houmsse, MD ,,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA, ,John D. Hummel, MD ,,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Thomas J. Hund, MD ,,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Sei Iwai, MD ,,Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY, USA, ,Bharat K. Kantharia, MD ,,Mount Sinai - St. Luke's Morningside, New York, NY, USA, ,Josef Kautzner, MD, PhD ,,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, ,G. Neal Kay, MD ,,University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, ,Young-Hoon Kim, MD ,,Korea University Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, South Korea, ,Peter M. Kistler, MBBS, PhD ,,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, ,Bradley P. Knight, MD ,,Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Jacob S. Koruth, MD ,,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Pawel Kuklik, PhD ,,Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany, ,Saurabh Kumar, BSc(Med), MBBS, PhD ,,University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, ,Fred M. Kusumoto, MD ,,Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville FL, USA, ,Kevin F. Kwaku, MD, PhD ,,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, ,Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, MD ,,Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Kansas City, KS, USA, ,Pier D. Lambiase, BM BCh, PhD ,,University College London & Barts Heart Centre, London, UK, ,Martin J. LaPage, MD, MS ,,University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Robert Lemery, MD, MA ,,Arizona Heart Rhythm Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA, ,Yash Y. Lokhandwala, MD, DM, ,,LTMG Hospital, Mumbai, India, ,Charles J. Love, MD ,,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, ,Judith A. Mackall, MD ,,University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Ravi Mandapati, MD ,,Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA, ,Moussa C. Mansour, MD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Gregory M. Marcus, MD, MAS ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, ,Steven M. Markowitz, MD ,,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, ,Claire A. Martin, MB, BCHir, MA, PhD ,,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK, ,Pamela K Mason, MD ,,University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ,Nilesh Mathuria, MD ,,Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, ,Philippe Maury, MD ,,University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, France, ,Gregory F. Michaud, MD ,,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA, ,John M. Miller, MD ,,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, ,Marc A. Miller, MD ,,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Suneet Mittal, MD ,,Valley Health System, Ridgewood, NJ, USA, ,Kevin M. Monahan, MD ,,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, ,Fred Morady, MD ,,University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, ,Katherine T. Murray, MD ,,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA, ,Shiro Nakahara, MD, PhD ,,Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Japan, ,Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, MD ,,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ,Sanjiv M. Narayan, MD,PhD ,,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, ,Andrea Natale, MD ,,Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, TX, USA, ,Stanley Nattel, MD ,,Montreal Heart Institute/Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada, ,Isabelle Nault, MD ,,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, ,Toshimasa Okabe, MD, MS ,,The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA, ,Jeffrey E. Olgin, MD ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, ,Mark O'Neill, MB, BCH, BAO, DPhil ,,Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust & King's College, London, UK, ,Cevher Ozcan, MD ,,University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA, ,Douglas L. Packer, MD ,,Mayo Clinic Hospital -- St. Mary's Campus, Rochester, MN, USA, ,Jonathan P. Piccini, MD, MHS ,,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, ,Sergio L. Pinski, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA, ,Helmut Pürerfellner, MD ,,Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria, ,Ravi Ranjan, MD, PhD ,,University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, ,Vivek Y. Reddy, MD ,,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ,Crystal M. Ripplinger, PhD ,,University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA, ,Melissa Robinson, MD ,,University of Washington Heart Institute, Pittsbrgh, PA, USA, ,Samir F. Saba, MD ,,University of Pittsburgh Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Frédéric Sacher, MD, PhD, ,,Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France, ,Frank B. Sachse, PhD ,,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, ,Jayakumar Sahadevan, MD, MRCP ,,Case Western Reserve University/Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Guy Salama, PhD ,,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ,Walid I. Saliba, MD ,,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,William H. Sal, MD ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, ,Prashanthan Sanders, MBBS, PhD ,,University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, ,Richard J. Shemin, MD ,,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Jagmeet P. Singh, MD, PhD ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Antonio Sorgente, MD, PhD ,,Brain and Heart SRL, Brussels, Belgium, ,Uma N. Srivatsa, MBBS, MAS ,,University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA, ,Stavros Stavrakis, MD, PhD ,,University of Okolahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, ,S. Adam Strickberger, MD ,,Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA, ,Harikrishna Tandri, MD ,,The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, ,Venkatakrishna N. Tholakanahalli, MD ,,University of Minnesota/Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA, ,Gordon F. Tomaselli, MD ,,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA, ,Zian H. Tseng, MD, MAS ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, ,Miguel Valderrábano, MD ,,Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA, ,Marieke W. Veldkamp, PhD ,,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, ,Atul Verma, MD ,,Southlake Regional Health Center, Toronto, Canada, ,Oussama M. Wazni, MD, MBA ,,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, ,Gregory Webster, MD, MPH ,,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, ,James N. Weiss, MD ,,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Raul Weiss, MD ,,The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Jeffrey R. Winterfield, MD ,,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, ,Paul C. Zei, MD, PhD ,,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, ,Peter J. Zimetbaum, MD ,,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,CME/MOC/ECME EDITOR ,Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD ,,Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA,SECTION EDITOR - INNOVATIONS ,Joshua D. Moss, MD ,,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,SECTION EDITOR - IMAGES IN EP ,Roderick Tung, MD ,,University of Chicago Medicine Center for Arrhythmia Care, Chicago, IL, USA,GLOBAL SECTION EDITORS ,Aimé Bonny, MD, MSc ,,University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, ,Minglong Chen, MD ,,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, ,Nicolas Lellouche, MD, PhD ,,CHU Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France, ,Yoav Michowitz, MD ,,Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, ,Calambur Narasimhan, MD, DM ,,CARE Hospital, Hyderabad, India, ,Luis Carlos Sánez Morales, MD ,,CardioInfantil Foundation-Cardiac Institute, Bogota, Columbia, ,Kyoko Soejima, MD, PhD ,,Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, ,Eduardo Back Sternick, MD, PhD ,,Biocor Institute, Nova Lima, Brazil,SCHOLARS IN RESIDENCE ,Muhammad R. Afzal, MD ,,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA, ,Duc H. Do, MD, MS ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Veronica Dusi, MD, PhD ,,Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy, ,David Hamon, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Anthony Li, MD ,,St. George's University of London, London, UK, ,Shumpei Mori, MD, PhD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,Jorge Romero, MD ,,Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart ad Vascular Care, Bronx, NY, USA, ,Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat, MD, MPH ,,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS ,Mary P. Orencole, BSN, MS, ANP ,,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Julie Sorg, RN ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angels, CA, USA,SOCIAL MEDIA EDITORS ,Janet K. Han, MD ,,UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ,John M. Mandrola, MD ,,Baptist Health Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,2020-2021 OFFICERS ,Athena Poppas, MD, FACC ,,President, Rhode Island, The Miriam and Newport Hospital, Providence, RI, USA, ,Dipti Itchhaporia, MD, FACC ,,Vice President, Hoag Memorial Hospital, Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA USA, ,Howard "Bo" T. Walpole, Jr.,MD, MBA, FACC ,,Treasurer, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA, USA, ,Daniel M. Philbin, Jr., MD, FACC ,,Secretary and Board of Governors Chair , New England Heart and Vascular Institute in Manchester, Manchester, NH, USA, ,Cathleen C. Gates ,,Acting, American College of Cardiology (ACC) Chief Executive Officer, Washington, DC, USA,2020-2021 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE (SPC) ,Viviany R. Taqueti, MD, MPH, FACC ,,Chair, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ,Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, PharmD, MS, FACC ,,University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA, ,John U. Doherty, MD, FACC ,,Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA, ,Islam Y. Elgendy, MD, FACC ,,Weill Cornell-Qatar, Doha, Qatar, ,Prasad C. Gunasekaran, MD ,,Mercy Heart Hospital, Springfield, MO, USA, ,Fadi G. Hage, MD, FACC ,,The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, ,Fred M. Kusumoto, MD, FACC ,,Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA, ,Renato D. Lopes, MD, PhD, FACC ,,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, ,Sandra M. Oliver-McNeil, DNP, ACNP-BC ,,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA, ,Syed Tanveer Rabb, MBBS, MACC ,,Emory Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA, ,Janice B. Sibley, MS, MA ,,Executive Vice President, Education and Publishing, Washington, DC, USA, ,Justine Varieur Turco, MA ,,ACC Divisional Senior Director, Publishing, Washington, DC, USA